An array is a container that can hold a fixed number of items and these items should be of the same type. Most of the data structures make use of arrays to implement their algorithms. Following are the important terms to understand the concept of Array.
- Element - Each item stored in an array is called an element.
- Index - Each location of an element in an array has a numerical index, which is used to identify the element.
Array Representation
Arrays can be declared in various ways in different languages. For illustration, let's take C array declaration.
As per the above illustration, the following are the important points to be considered.
- Index starts with 0.
- Array length is 10 which means it can store 10 elements.
- Each element can be accessed via its index. For example, we can fetch an element at index 6 as 9.
Basic Operations
Following are the basic operations supported by an array.
Traverse - print all the array elements one by one.
Insertion - Adds an element at the given index.
Deletion - Deletes an element at the given index.
Search - Searches an element using the given index or by the value.
Update - Updates an element at the given index.
In C, when an array is initialized with size, then it
assigns default values to its elements in the following order.
|
Data Type |
Default Value |
|
bool |
false |
|
char |
0 |
|
Int |
0 |
|
Float |
0.0 |
|
Double |
0.0f |
|
Void |
|
|
wchar_t |
0 |
Insertion Operation
Insert operation is to insert one or more data elements into
an array. Based on the requirement, a new element can be added at the beginning, end, or any given index of an array.
Here, we see a practical implementation of insertion the operation, where we add data at the end of the array
Algorithm
Let Array be a linear unordered array of MAX elements.
Example
Result
Let LA be a Linear Array (unordered) with N elements and K is a positive integer such that K<=N?
Following is the algorithm where ITEM is inserted into the Kth position of LA -
|
Example
Following is the implementation of the above algorithm
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#include
<stdio.h> main() { int LA[] = {1,3,5,7,8};
int item = 10, k= 3, n=
5; int i = 0, j = n; printf("The original
array elements are : \n");
for ( i = 0; i<n;
i++){ printf("LA[%d] = %d
\n", i, LA[i]); } n=n + 1;
while( j >= k) { LA[j+1] = LA[j]; j = j - 1; }
LA[k] = Item; printf("The array
elements after insertion
for( i=0; i<n; 1 ){ printf("LA[%d] = %d
\n", i, LA[i]); } }
|
When we compile and execute the above program, it produces
the following result -
Output
The original array elements are:
|
Output The original array elements art LA[0] = 1 LA[1] = 3 LA[2] = 5 LA[3] = 7 LA[4] = 8 The array elements after Insertion : LA[0] = 1 LA[1] = 3 LA[2] = 5 LA[3] = 10 LA[4] = 7 LA[5] =8
|
Deletion Operation
Deletion refers to removing an existing element from the
array and re-organizing all elements of an array.
Algorithm
Consider LA is a linear array with N elements and K is a
positive integer such that K<=N.
Following is the algorithm to delete an element available at the kth position of LA.
|
Example
Following is the implementation of the above algorithm -
|
include <stdio.h> main() { int LA[] = (1,3,5,7,8); int k = 3, n = 5; int i, j;
printf("The original array elements are
\n");
for (i = 0; i<n; i++) { printf("LA[%d] = %d \n", i, LA[i]); } j=k; while (j < n) { LA[j-1] = LA[j]; j = j+1; } n = n - 1; print"The array elements after deletion
:\n");
for(i = 0; i<n; i++) { printf("LA[%d] = %d \n", i, LA[i]); } }
|
When we compile and execute the above program, it produces
the following result -
Output
|
Output The original array elements are LA[0] = 1 LA[1] = 3 LA[2] = 5 LA[3] = 7 LA[4] = 8 The array elements after deletion: LA[0] = 1 LA[1] = 3 LA[2] = 7 LA[3] = 8 |
Search Operation
You can perform a search for an array element based on its
value or its index.
Algorithm
Consider LA is a linear array with N elements and K is a
positive integer such that K<=N.
Following is the algorithm to find an element with a value of ITEM using sequential search.
|
Example
Following is the implementation of the above algorithm -
|
include <stdio.h> main() { int LA[] = (1,3,5,7,8); int item = 5, n = 5; int i = 0, j = 0;
printf("The
original array elements are :\n");
for (i = 0; i < n;
i++) { printf("LA[%d] =
%d \n", i, LA[i]); } While( j < n ) if LA[j] == item ) { break; } printf("Found element
Id at position Xd\", item, je1); }
|
When we compile and execute the above program, it produces
the following result -
Output
Output
The original array elements are : LA[0] = 1 LA[1] = 3 LA[2] = 5 LA[3] = 7 LA[4] = 8 Found element 5 at position 3 |
Update Operation
Update operation refers to updating an existing element from
the array at a given index.
Algorithm
Consider LA is a linear array with N elements and K is a positive
integer such that K<=N.
Following is the algorithm to update an element available at the Kth position of LA.
|
Example
Following is the implementation of the above algorithm
|
#include
<stdio.h> main() { int LA[] = (1,3,5,7,8); int k = 3, n= 5, item = 1e; int i, j;
printf("The
original array elements are : \n"); for(1 = 0; 1<n; i++)
{ printf("LA[%d] =
%d \n", i, LA[i]); } LA[k-1] = item; printf("The array
elements after updation : \n"); for (1 = 0; i<n;
i++) { printf("LA[%d] =
%d \n", i, LA[i] ); } }
|
When we compile and execute the above program, it produces
the following result:
Output
Output
The original array elements are LA[0] = 1 LA[1] = 3 LA[2] = 5 LA[3] = 7 LA[4] = 8 The array elements after updation : LA[0] = 1 LA[1] = 3 LA[2] = 10 LA[3] = 7 LA[4] = 8 |
