Inside this Article:
Computer networks come in diverse forms, spanning from handheld devices such as mobile phones and tablets linked via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth within a confined space to expansive networks comprising millions of computers worldwide. Connectivity varies, with some networks utilizing wireless links and others relying on wired connections.
These networks are broadly categorized based on the geographical area covered and data transfer rate:
Local Area Network (LAN):
A Local Area Network (LAN) connects networking devices within a single office, building, or campus, tailored to the specific needs of organizations. Typically covering a few kilometers, a LAN is established to facilitate communication within a localized environment. In educational institutions, for example, interconnecting computers across classrooms or laboratories forms a LAN.
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| Local Area Network |
The primary purpose of a LAN is resource sharing, encompassing both hardware and software. Shared hardware resources may include printers and scanners, while software resources comprise data, tools, and programs. Historically, LAN speeds ranged from 4 to 16 Mbps, but contemporary LANs can achieve speeds of 100 to 1000 Mbps.
Interconnection within a LAN is often facilitated by central devices such as switches or hubs. The prevalence of Wireless LANs (WLANs) is on the rise due to their cable-free or minimal cabling setup, providing increased flexibility. The diagram illustrates a typical Local Area Network configuration.
Wide Area Network (WAN):
Wide Area Network (WAN) is structured for the transmission of data over long distances. Its coverage extends to vast geographical areas, encompassing countries, continents, or even global connections. Notably, the entire worldwide internet infrastructure is a prime example of a WAN.
When the WAN of one country or continent interconnects with another, it forms a broader WAN. Consequently, the internet serves as the amalgamation of Wide Area Networks from all countries across the globe.
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| Wide Area Network (WAN) |
WANs can be established through wired connections, wireless technologies, or a combination of both, providing flexibility in connectivity options.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):
A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) falls in size between a Local Area Network (LAN) and a Wide Area Network (WAN). Typically, it extends within the boundaries of a city or town, serving as a network infrastructure for urban areas.
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| Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) |
MANs offer high-speed connectivity to customers within a metropolitan region. This is exemplified by services such as high-speed internet from a TV cable operator or the deployment of DSL lines by a telephone company across a city.
Personal Area Network (PAN):
A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a compact network designed to link devices within an individual's personal space. An illustrative example is the connection established between a smartphone and a laptop using Bluetooth technology.
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| Personal Area Network (PAN) |
Home Area Network (HAN):
A HAN is a network within a home that connects various digital devices. It allows devices like computers, smartphones, smart TVs, and appliances to communicate with each other.
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| Home Area Network (HAN) |
Campus Area Network (CAN):
A CAN interconnects multiple LANs within a specific geographic area, such as a university campus. It provides high-bandwidth connections between different buildings or departments.
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| Campus Area Network(CAN) |
Storage Area Network (SAN):
A SAN is a dedicated network that provides access to consolidated, block-level data storage. It allows multiple servers to access storage resources independently.
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN):
A WLAN uses wireless communication protocols (like Wi-Fi) to connect devices within the coverage area. It's common in homes, offices, and public spaces.
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| Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) |
Virtual Private Network (VPN):
A VPN creates a secure, encrypted connection over the internet, allowing users to access a private network remotely. It is commonly used for secure remote access to corporate networks.
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| Virtual Private Network (VPN) |
Intranet:
An intranet is a private network within an organization that uses internet protocols and technologies but is isolated from the global internet. It's used for internal communications, file sharing, and collaboration.
