• Google Cloud: It is a suite of public cloud services offered by Google. All the application development runs on Google hardware.
• AWS: Amazon Web Services, Inc. is a subsidiary of Amazon providing on-demand cloud computing platforms and APIs to individuals, companies, and governments, on a metered pay-as-you-go basis.
• Azure: Microsoft Azure, often referred to as Azure, is a cloud computing service operated by Microsoft for application management via Microsoft-managed data centers.

AWS(Amazon Web Services)

In harnessing the capabilities of the internet, numerous computers engage in communication facilitated by application programs. It's crucial to note that the communicating entities are the application programs, not the individual computers or users. This communication paradigm adheres to the client-server model, a distributed approach orchestrating network processes between service requestors (clients) and service providers (servers). The establishment of the client-server connection occurs over a network or the Internet, operating on a many-to-one relationship, allowing multiple clients to access the services provided by a single server.

Client-server Model

In this article, we explore the intricacies of the client-server model, breaking down its components, elucidating its operational mechanisms, and shedding light on the advantages it offers. Additionally, we delve into the various types within this model and provide a comparative analysis with peer-to-peer models, offering a comprehensive understanding of the client-server paradigm in network computing.

What are Clients and Servers?

The client-server model is a computer networking design where multiple computers are involved, showcasing a relationship between client computers and a centralized server. In this system, clients request services or resources from the powerful server, emphasizing how devices access information stored in servers. This approach facilitates consistency across devices, allowing multiple clients to open applications or retrieve files from a central server.

Companies in various industries utilize servers for storing and accessing information, benefiting from enhanced processing power and extensive storage space. The model supports both local area network (LAN) connections, which are more secure but lack external capabilities like cloud computing, and wide area network (WAN) connections that use the internet for broader applications and access to larger data collections. However, WAN connections may require additional security measures.

Client-server networks perform several functions, including 

• Interacting with temporary and local storage, 
• Sending data requests to servers, 
• Facilitating communication between servers and users, 
• Executing database operations, 
• Connecting with other servers, 
• Processing user requests, 
• Writing files on servers, 
• Accessing server files, 
• Querying databases, and 
• Creating interactive web applications

Client-Side Components

What is a Client?

Clients, in the context of network computing, are software programs residing on local machines. They play the pivotal role of initiating service requests directed towards servers. These programs operate temporarily, are activated as needed, and conclude their functions upon the fulfillment of the requested service. Specific client-server application programs are designed to support services with high demand, ensuring efficient communication between local machines and servers.

Clients

Communication between Client and Server:

The communication link between clients and servers is typically established through a network, which can be either local, confined within an organization, or global, as exemplified by the vast expanse of the internet. This interaction is facilitated using predefined protocols, such as HTTP for web-based applications or SMTP for email, ensuring standardized and secure communication channels.

Communication between client and Server

Roles and Responsibilities for Client:

Clients bear distinct responsibilities within the client-server model. Primarily, they are accountable for the user interface, managing user input, and initiating service requests. Additionally, clients may locally process certain data or handle presentation aspects, contributing to a seamless and user-friendly experience in the overall networked environment. Understanding these roles is essential for comprehending the intricate dynamics of the client-server interaction.

Server-Side Components

Server

Servers, on the other hand, are application programs operating on remote machines, dedicated to delivering services to clients. Unlike clients, server programs are persistent, running continuously, and poised to receive incoming requests. They respond promptly, providing the required services to clients and contributing to the seamless functioning of the client-server model in network computing.

Server

Roles and Responsibilities for Server:

Servers bear a multifaceted set of responsibilities essential to the client-server model's harmonious operation. They take charge of processing incoming requests, deftly managing resources, and providing an array of services. Their repertoire includes the storage and retrieval of data, execution of computations, and implementation of crucial business logic. Understanding these responsibilities illuminates the pivotal role servers play in the intricate web of network computing, shaping a robust and responsive ecosystem for seamless interactions between clients and servers.

Request-Response Model:

• The client sends requests to the server, asking for specific services, resources, or data.
• The server processes these requests and sends back responses containing the requested information or the result of the requested action.

Request-Response Model

Key Concepts

Statelessness:

The client-server model is often designed to be stateless, meaning that each request from a client to a server is independent. The server does not maintain information about the client's state between requests. This simplifies the architecture, making it more scalable and resilient.

Scalability:

The client-server model allows for scalability by distributing the load between multiple servers. This is achieved through techniques like load balancing, where incoming requests are distributed across a pool of servers to ensure optimal performance and resource utilization.

Examples:

• Web Applications: In a typical web application, the user's browser acts as the client, making requests to a web server that hosts the application. The server processes these requests and sends back the corresponding web pages.
• Email: In an email system, the client is an email client application, and the server is responsible for storing, sending, and receiving emails.

Types of Client-Server Computing Architectures:

Client-server computing embraces diverse architectures, each tailored to meet specific needs within server networks. IT professionals leverage these architectural types to optimize performance and efficiency. Here are the prominent classifications:

One-tier Architecture:

• Description: A one-tier server deploys a single device to run a program, simplifying the architecture. This approach aids in reducing network traffic, as it doesn't necessitate constant network access.
• Advantages: Streamlined operation and reduced network dependencies.

Two-tier Architecture:

• Description: Two-tier systems involve a client, server, and program. The graphical user interface (GUI) resides on the client's device, while the domain logic is stored on the server. This architecture often employs Java or C++ coding languages for GUI display.
• Advantages: Efficient separation of GUI and domain logic, catering to specific programming languages.

Three-tier Architecture:

• Description: Three-tier servers introduce a presentation tier (GUI layer), an application tier (service layer for detailed processing), and a data tier (database server storing information). This segmentation enhances organization and facilitates efficient data management.
• Advantages: Clear separation of concerns, enabling specialized functionality in each tier.

N-tier Architecture:

• Description: An N-tier server involves multiple layers, each responsible for specific functions. This segregation helps manage dependencies, and physical tiers can run on different machines, enhancing system scalability. N-tier architectures can operate in an open-layer or closed-layer programming model, offering flexibility in communication.

Multilayer Architecture

Google Cloud enables developers to build, test, and deploy applications on Google’s highly scalable and reliable infrastructure. Google cloud platform is a set of modular cloud-based services that allow you to create anything from simple websites to complex applications.

The best thing that I like most is it gives you 300 USD credit to check whether you comfortable with it or not.



1. Open your browser and visit Google Cloud Platform and click on “get started for free”. On the Next page select country and accept all the terms and conditions for Google Cloud Platform. After all these, you have to verify your payment information. After successful verification, it will provide a panel.

Google Cloud enables developers to build, test, and deploy applications on Google’s highly scalable and reliable infrastructure. Google cloud platform is a set of modular cloud-based services that allow you to create anything from simple websites to complex applications.

To Learn More:

Steps to Install Ubuntu Desktop on GCP

• To install just type the following command:

• Right-click on the Download button and click Inspect.
• Copy the element by right-clicking on the mouse.

5. Again open the SSH terminal. 

• Set a new password for the Ubuntu desktop.
• Open sshd_config with a nano text editor.

b. Don’t have to change the protocol.

c. Click continue and add host IP and port number. Click continue.

d. Give a name for the connection. Click connect to connect.

e. Give the username and password.

AaPanel, a simple but powerful control panel, can manage the webserver through a web-based GUI (Graphical User Interface). AaPanel provides the one-click function such as one-click install LNMP/LAMP developing environment and software.

Let it install on CentOS 7 on the Google Cloud Platform. If you don't know how to install CentOS on GCP then go from here.

Type the following commands to update and upgrade all the currently installed software to the latest version

2. Now download and install the latest version of aaPanel. Open the official website of aaPanel and click on free install. You have to copy the link and paste it into the SSH terminal.

6. By default, aaPanel uses a self-signed SSL certificate, so your web browser will warn you that the connection is not secure. You can accept the self-signed SSL certificate and proceed to the log-in screen.

9. In the website section, you can manage your website. Click Add Site to add a new website.

LAMP stands for "Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP". LAMP is an open-source platform and works on the Linux operating system. It uses an Apache web server, MySQL relational database management system, and PHP object-oriented scripting language. Since this platform has four layers, it can also be called a LAMP stack. It is highly secure working with Linux OS. 

Similar to Google Cloud Platform, AWS also widely used in Cloud Computing. 

To Learn More about Google Cloud Platform:

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What is AWS? 

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a subsidiary of Amazon providing on-demand cloud computing platforms and APIs to individuals, companies, and governments, on a metered pay-as-you-go basis.

Paste the Hostname

• Upload your authentication key in PuTTY.

• Save the session and click "Open" to connect to your server.

14. Successful Connection:

• Once connected, you have successfully set up and configured Ubuntu on AWS.

15. Additional Resources:

• For a GUI version setup, refer to a Google Cloud Platform video.

I hope this guide helps you set up and configure Ubuntu on AWS!

There are times when you wish you could remotely access your desktop or laptop computer from anywhere on the Internet. Whether you need to remotely access a document, photograph, video, or even a software application the Google Chrome Remote Desktop app allows you to quickly and securely connect to your computer from anywhere on the web using a computer, tablet, or mobile device.

• Because a client computer is connected to an organization’s network, which may have direct and indirect access to servers and network resources, it is important to protect the client computer. 
• A computer virus is a program that can copy itself and infect a computer without the user’s consent or knowledge. 
• A backdoor is a program that gives some remote, unauthorized control of a system or initiates an unauthorized task. 
• Some viruses, worms, rootkits, spyware, and adware are made possible because they exploit some security holes within Windows, Internet Explorer, or Microsoft Office. 
• The first step that should be taken to protect yourself against malware is to keep your system up-to-date with the latest service packs, security patches, and other critical fixes for Windows (as well as other Microsoft products, such as Internet Explorer and Microsoft Office). 
• A virus hoax is a message warning the recipient of a non-existent computer virus threat, usually sent as a chain email that tells the recipient to forward it to everyone they know. It is a form of social engineering that plays on people’s ignorance and fear and may include emotive language and encouragement to forward the message to other people. 
• User Account Control (UAC) is a feature that was introduced in Windows Vista and is included with Windows 10 that helps guard against malware. 
• Microsoft recommends always using the Windows Firewall. 
• Offline files are copies of network files that are stored on your computer so that they can be accessed when not connected to the network or when the network folder with the files is not connected. 
• Offline files are not encrypted unless you choose to encrypt them. Consider encrypting your offline files if they contain sensitive or confidential information, and you want to make them more secure by restricting access to them. 
• By restricting users to standard user accounts, you can limit what software those users can install. 
• Use group policies to restrict what software can be executed on a client's computer. 
• Most of the emails will be unsolicited emails called spam or junk email. 
• The best place to establish an anti-spam filtering system is on your email relay, on a dedicated server or appliance, or as part of a firewall device or service. 
• Many anti-spam solutions will also use Real-time Blackhole Lists (RBLs) or a DNS-based Blackhole List (DNSBL), which can be accessed freely. RBLs and DNSBL are lists of known spammers that are updated frequently. 
• Sometimes, spammers will try to spoof a legitimate email address or IP address when the message actually comes from one with an email address or IP address that would likely be identified as spam. 
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is used to transfer email from one server to another and it is also responsible for outgoing mail transport. 
• Spammers look for unprotected SMTP servers through which they can relay their email. 
• A cookie is a piece of text stored by a user’s web browser. It can be used for a wide range of items, including user identification, authentication, storing site preferences, and shopping cart contents. 
• While some pop-up windows are useful website controls, most are simply annoying advertisements, with some attempting to load spyware or other malicious programs. 
• To help manage Internet Explorer security when visiting sites, Internet Explorer divides a network connection into four content zones or types. For each of these zones, a security level is assigned. 
• Phishing and pharming are forms of attacks to get users to a bogus website in an attempt to spread malware or collect personal information. 
• When surfing the internet, there are times when it is necessary to transmit private data such as credit card numbers, Social Security numbers, and so on. During these times, it is important to use http over SSL (https) to encrypt the data sent over the internet. 
• The server should be kept in a secure location. In addition, the servers should be in their own subnet to reduce the amount of traffic to the servers, especially broadcasts.
• To secure a server is to harden the server by reducing its surface of attack and thereby reducing the server’s vulnerabilities. To harden a server, look for security guides and best practices for Windows servers and for the specific network services that you are installing. 
• Windows servers provide support for the dynamic update functionality. Dynamic DNS lets client computers dynamically update their resource records in DNS. 
• To keep your DNS server secure, secure DNS makes it so that only members of an Active Directory domain can create records on the DNS server.

Multiple Choice 

1. Virus 
2. Worm 
3. Trojan horse 
4. Spyware 

Show Answer

1. Virus 
2. Worm 
3. Trojan horse 
4. Spyware 

Show Answer

1. The ISP has slowed the network connection. 
2. The computer has been infected with malware. 
3. The computer has not been updated. 
4. The user accidentally clicked the turbo button. 

Show Answer

1. Keep the computer up-to-date with the latest security patches. 
2. Reboot the computer on a regular basis. 
3. Change the password on a regular basis. 
4. Spoof the IP address. 

Show Answer

1. Recommended update 
2. Hotfix pack 
3. Service pack 
4. Critical update

Show Answer

1. UAC 
2. Protected mode 
3. Windows Defender 
4. ProtectGuard 

Show Answer

1. Install updates from Windows Update. 
2. Change the date and time. 
3. Reset the network adapter. 
4. Install drivers from Windows Update. 

Show Answer

1. Windows Firewall 
2. Protected Mode 
3. Windows Update 
4. UAC 

Show Answer

1. Windows Firewall 
2. Windows Protected Mode 
3. UAC 
4. Windows GuardIt 

Show Answer

1. Windows Firewall with IPsec Plugin 
2. IPsec Monitor 
3. Windows Firewall with Advanced Security 
4. IPsec Configuration console 

Show Answer

1. Clear the cache. 
2. Encrypt the offline files. 
3. Clear the cookies. 
4. Execute ipconfig /renewip. 

Show Answer

1. Flush out the quarantined items. 
2. Reboot the spam-blocking device. 
3. Add the email address or domain to the allow list. 
4. Add the email address or domain to the block list. 

Show Answer

1. 43 
2. 25 
3. 80 
4. 443 

Show Answer

1. 1 
2. 2 
3. 4 
4. 8

Show Answer

1. Phishing 
2. Pharming 
3. Phaking 
4. Spoofing the IP address 

Show Answer

1. AppLocker 
2. Windows Defender 
3. Microsoft Passport 
4. Smart card 

Show Answer

1. Domain account 
2. Microsoft account 
3. Local account 
4. Virtual account 

Show Answer

1. Biometrics 
2. Windows Defender 
3. Security baseline 
4. Windows Store 

Show Answer

1. STRIDE 
2. DREAD 
3. Trusted Platform Module 
4. Security Compliance Manager

Show Answer